Silver's role in history, culture and religion.

This section of JewelrySupplier.com is intended to uncover references in history to gems, gemstones, minerals, crystals, precious metals and semi-precious stones and to investigate the role they played in the development of the cultures in which they were utilized. We believe examples of royal jewelry and ancient jewelry from anthropology, sociology and archaeology from the ancient societies of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome and especially the work of Pre-Columbian American cultures of the North American Indians, Aztecs, Mayans, and Incans to be of craftsmanship that has not been equaled since. Where possible in our history of jewelry, we’ve tried to include methods of manufacture, materials and technology. From the bible, commerce, celestial beliefs to modern crystal collecting.

The Beginning (3,000 BC)
Silver jewelry was found in modern day burial excavations of the ancient Sumerian city of Ur. The first major sources of mined Silver were the mines around Anatolia, which is in the area of modern day Turkey and they originate from this time. The Chaldeans were the first culture to extract Silver from other ores around 2500 BC.

1,000 BC
The cultures of South and North America were using advanced silversmithing techniques.

900 BC
Beginning around this time, the Larium mines near Athens were the leading Silver-producing mines for the next 1,000 years.

200 BC
Chinese immigrants in Korea brought their silversmithing techniques to Korea. From Korea, Silver use spread to Japan, but never really caught on there.

Rome
The Romans used Silver in Coins and Household items.

1^st Century AD
The Indus culture of India produced Silver drinking vessels similar to Hellenistic types.

600 AD
Silverwork became very important in China during the T’ang dynasty, which lasted from 618-907 AD. Before this time, Silver was very rare in China.

900 AD
Fine Silver techniques are said to have reached the Oaxaca region of Mexico during this period.

1,000 AD
The Repoussé technique became common during China’s Sung Dynasty. Spanish mines began to be important sources of Silver around this time, as well as those in Eastern Europe (Germany and Austria-Hungary and others).

16^th Century
The Spanish who conquered the Mexican, Panamanian, the Andean and Costa Rican Indians in the new world during this century found that the skills of the Silversmiths were comparable to their own in their level of technique and artistry. European exploitation of New World Silver began in Bolivia and Bolivia, Peru and Mexico grew to produce nearly 85 percent of the world’s Silver between 1500 and 1800.

17th century
Native American tribes in New York (the Seneca, Iroquois, Cayuga and the Onondaga) began turning European Silver coins into jewelry at the beginning of the 17^th century. India’s production of Silver vessels for royalty increased. They had mastered the Gold and Silver techniques of cold hammering, embossing, annealing, false filigree and false granulation.

18^th century
Chinese use of Silver became extensive.  

19th century 
Silver Jewelry became more affordable because of advances in technology. Electroplating was invented. Tiffany and Company began producing Silverware in New York in the mid 1850s. The Navajo tribes of the American Southwest began working Silver (learned from Mexican artists) around the same time as well and had passed their skills onto the Zuni tribes by the 1870s. In England, Queen Victoria’s fancies dictated fashion in almost every aspect. She started the revival of ancient Celtic motifs in jewelry design that began in the middle of the century and at the end of the 19^th Century, she started the aesthetic period that lasted until her death in 1901. During the Aesthetic period, fashions in Silver jewelry began to move away from the mass produced pieces that were prevalent at the beginning of the industrial revolution. Japanese royalty began wearing Shibuichi jewelry during this period. Nevada’s Virginia City enjoyed the boom days of the Comstock Lode in the 1860s and 1870s, during which the mine produced millions of dollars worth of Silver. The Mayflower Silver mine in Nevada was discovered in the 1890s.

20^th Century
Major discoveries of Silver in the US included Nevada, Colorado and Utah. The modern center of fine Silverwork is the city of Taxco in Mexico. William Spratling, an American, revived it there and began training Silversmiths in 1931. Along with the jewelers of the Aesthetic period, the craftsman of the Arts & Crafts Movement (1894-1923) also rebelled against the mass produced jewelry that dominated the time. Silver was their metal of choice and they combined it with uncut stones and cabochons. The quality of most of the pieces from this movement was low, because for the most part, jewelry makers from this period were untrained novices. The best jewelry of the Arts & Crafts Movement came from C.R. Ashbee, Henry Wilson, and Harold Stabler, Liberty & Co., Charles Horner's, and Murrle, Bennett & Co. Coinciding with the Arts & Crafts Movement, the Art Nouveau period (1890-1915) drew design inspiration from the new cultures encountered during the period’s colonialism. Louis Comfort Tiffany was one of the best known Art Nouveau Jewelry designers. During the Retro Period 1935-1949, Silver became less available to jewelers because of the war in Europe and as the period began to close, American jewelers began to become more popular because of the rising dominance of American pop culture. In 1963, the US stopped issuing silver certificates, which up until then had supported the paper currency and by 1968, the Silver certificates were no longer redeemable for Silver. Silver use in coins had also decreased significantly by this time.

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